Optimal fine fescue mixture seeding dates in the Northern United States

Research is lacking on best establishment practices of fine fescues (Festuca spp.), such as optimal seeding timings, which are well known for other cool-season turfgrasses. Our objective was to document and determine timings mixed stand fescue in multiple climate zones the United States. From 2019 2020, an experiment replicated across four locations northern States investigate nine monthly mixture from March through November. Fine seedling emergence typically hastened temperatures increased during growing season, required 6.1–9.4 d when soil were within a range 15–25 °C. Final grid count data sites indicated that August, September, at times, July, will likely produce with lowest weed infestation pressure, there may be more flexibility Mediterranean climate, Oregon. Seeding early-spring or late-autumn can unreliable because greater likelihood infestation, suboptimal conditions, potential act unintended dormant seeding. Results indicate invasion pressure specific weeds vary depending life cycle time year. Overall, August September increase success wider window planting climates.